Mesut Ozil Must Be Back

Former Chelsea and Bayern Munich midfielder Michael Ballack has insisted Mesut Ozil will have to leave Arsenal if he wants to win 'major titles'. Ballack has claimed he will have a greater chance of adding to his medal collection if he joins German giants - and Arsenal's last 16 Champions League opponents - Bayern Munich. Ozil has less than 18 months left on his Arsenal contract and has so far failed to sign a new extension to his current deal at the Emirates.

Samsung Gear 2 Price With Features

The New Year is just a turn away! Tell us how you’re bringing in 2016 in style.

Express your own style-

With the Samsung Gear 2, show off your style. Available in various, vibrant colours that add elegance to your look. Change its strap and express your personality freely depending on your mood and outfits. * Additional straps sold separately.

Stay connected with convenience-

When you can’t use your phone, the Samsung Gear 2 is right there for you. It makes communication smooth and effortless by allowing you to make and receive calls, check messages, and view notifications directly on the large Super AMOLED screen.

Personalised Fitness Motivator on your wrist.-

Stay fit with the Samsung Gear 2, your personalised fitness motivator. The Gear 2 tracks your fitness status in real time with its built-in heart rate sensor and pedometer. By offering the detailed stats of your workout activity, it helps you achieve your fitness goals.

Enjoy music on the go-

Enjoy your tunes without your smartphone. Thanks to a new standalone music player, you can store and listen to music on your Samsung Gear 2. Pair it to your Bluetooth headset for your listening pleasure on the go.

Control your devices with your Gear 2-

Don’t search for a remote control anymore to operate your TV. Use your Samsung Gear 2 as a TV remotecontrol and control your TV or set-topbox from your Gear 2 with its IrLEDand WatchON Remote. * Controllable devices are limited to certain products.

Capture your favourite moments easily-

With the Samsung Gear 2’s camera, capture the moment right from your wrist. You can get quality, crisp pictures with its FHD stillshot and record memorable moments with its 720p video recording.

Greater App & Device Compatibility-

Samsung Gear 2 is compatible with various Galaxy Smartphones and tablets. Plus more than 200 3rd party apps are available on the Gear 2, allowing you to enjoy a wide range of popular apps. * Samsung Gear 2 is compatible with 17 types of device, and compatible device models will be further expanded.

Water & Dust Protection-

Enjoy outdoor activities without hesitation. The IP67 certified Samsung Gear 2 is water and dust resistant. Feel free to wear it in the rain, sand, or in other rough conditions without worrying about damaging it. * IP67 : A device with an IP67 rating means that it is totally protected against the effect of dust and the effect of water immersion less than 1m.

PRice : Rs. 33000 (Best on sellers too)

Samsung Galaxy A8

Party on with your #GalaxyA8 . Capture every moment of your New Year’s bash, even in low light with an f1.9 aperture camera. FOR more Samsung Mobile's Price & Features Check Label > Samsung Mobile's

iPhone 6s vs iPhone 7: 2016 Will Be A HUGE Year For Apple's iPhone

READ MORE ABOUT: MOBILE PHONES APPLE APPLE IPHONE 6S APPLE IPHONE 7

We gaze into our crystal ball to see how the 2015 and 2016 iPhones will differ, as we look at the iPhone 6s and the iPhone 7

As tech journalists we're in something of a unique position to comment on the nature of smartphone rumours and consumer interest in new devices - and there are some very interesting, if somewhat amusing observations to be made. Like any website, we use Google Analytics to look at traffic and search trends; we can see what gets read the most, and what people are looking to read about the most. And here's the kicker - the overwhelming trend is that people love rumours; people love to read about devices that haven't been launched yet, even devices which are NOWHERE near being ready for launch. It's funny because there are always naysayers about long-term rumour stories, comments to the effect of "this is nothing but speculation," and so on. But the truth of the matter is that the majority opinion, as demonstrated by the figures we see, PREFERS this kind of stuff, over reading about devices that have already been launched. Matter of fact, it's quite noticable that reader interest in a newly rumoured product SURGES, but then NOSEDIVES almost immediately after said device is announced officially. We see it with the iPhone, we see it with Samsung Galaxy devices, and we see it with Google Nexus hardware too.

People, readers...that's YOU LOT, love a rumour. That's the fact of the matter. You love anticipating a new phone that isn't out yet - the next best thing - so much more than something that is launched and has become a reality. You love a tease. Don't even try to deny it!
So with that in mind we're quite happy to write about things that haven't been launched yet and give you your fix!
Today we are comparing the current-gen iPhone 6s (the one released in September 2015) with 2016's as-yet unnanounced iPhone 7. (The image above is an awesome mockup by Computerbild.de of what the iPhone 7 could look like, by the way).

This is worth a look because of a few other factors. First being how unnervingly thorough, far-reaching and accurate the modern rumour mill is - nothing escapes its tendrils and already we're getting plenty of juicy information about next year's iPhone 7, much of it from repeatedly proven reliable sources. On top of that, although the iPhone 6s has just come out Apple has likely been at work on the next iPhone–the iPhone 7–for at least a few years now. And because of the way Apple’s iPhone product cycles work, it’s relatively easy to predict what a major new iPhone design will feature. You see, Apple historically has released iPhone upgrades on a “tick-tock” basis. Every tick is a major new form-factor upgrade and every tock retains the old form factor but usually introduces a new feature.

Examples of “tick” releases are the iPhone 4, the iPhone 5, and the iPhone 6 (and 6 Plus). These iPhones all featured radical form-factor redesigns over the previous iPhone. The iPhone 4 had the first Retina display and glass and aluminum body. The iPhone 5 had the 4-inch screen. The iPhone 6 had the 4.7-inch screen and so on. Examples of “tock” releases are the iPhone 4S, the iPhone 5s, and the iPhone 6s. In each case each of these phones retained the same form-factor of its predecessor but added new usability features. The iPhone 4s added Siri; the iPhone 5s added the Touch ID and M7 motion coprocessor; and the iPhone 6s added the 3D Touch display.

"The big worry is that as the iPhone 7 is said to be so slim," reports Expert Reviews , "it means that there's less room inside for battery, which again will have an impact on battery life. I think it's a little early to start panicking yet, as reduced battery life is not a certainty and there are a few tricks that Apple might have up its sleeve. For starters, the new A10 chip will, no doubt, be more energy efficient than the A9 SoC in the iPhone 6S. It will probably be built using a smaller fabrication process, which will also mean that it takes up less room in the case, leaving more room for a bigger battery. Next, Apple will most likely work on making iOS 10 more energy efficient, again helping boost battery power."
Word on the street suggests we will probably see three iPhone 7 handsets in 2016. Apple is apparently keen to rekindle its iPhone Xc range and will utilise the iPhone 5s as the reference model for the iPhone 7c, meaning it will support TouchID among other things. This isn’t the first chatter we’ve heard about the iPhone 7c, either. Earlier in the year multiple sources began claiming Apple would release another iPhone C handset in 2016 in order to further bolster its strangle hold one the mobile space where it currently commands around 90-odd % of all profits.

A new report from TrendForce claims the iPhone 7 will be water-proof, a feature many Android handsets have had for YEARS. Beyond this the company reckons Apple will radically alter the design and finish of the handset and also include more RAM, perhaps as much as 3GB, as well as a third handset called the iPhone 7c.
“Apple will release the upgraded 4-inch iPhone C series in the second quarter of 2016,” said the report. “The next iPhone (currently dubbed “iPhone 7”) will be introduced in the second half of next year. The major selling points of the next iPhone will be the 3GB memory upgrade for the 5.5-inch model and waterproof feature. Based on TrendForce’s estimation, about 260 million iPhones will be shipped in 2016, representing an annual growth of 12.5% and a market share of 18.5%. With the smartphone market becoming less profitable, iPhone will still have the highest margin next year compared with products from rival vendors.”
It added: “Samsung’s shipments are anticipated to drop 4% annually to 310 million due to Chinese competitors undercutting its prices. Apple is anticipated to significantly narrow its market share gap with Samsung next year as well. TrendForce analysis indicates that Samsung will hold 22% of the global smartphone market in 2016, a decline from 2015. Wu added that Samsung’s flagship devices for this year have hit the ceiling in specs, so the South Korean powerhouse will be straining to bring hardware innovations to its next smartphone release.”
“KGI analyst Ming-Chi Kuo,” reports Apple Insider, “whose predictions have in the past been accurate, said he expects Apple's upcoming 4-inch iPhone to be functionally similar to a buffed iPhone 5s, the last iPhone model to sport a 4-inch display. Kuo says demand is still present for a smaller Apple handset, and the company plans to capitalize come next year. Mass production will likely start sometime in the first half of 2016, suggesting a potential product launch alongside next year's ‘iPhone 7’ lineup.”

Speaking of the iPhone 6s -- this year’s model saw a raft of major improvements in several key areas, though most notably imaging and processing power. Beyond this we saw more RAM included, 2GB to be specific, as well as slightly thicker chassis overall, owing to the inclusion of 3D Touch technology in the display panel. So while it might look A LOT like last year’s model it will function quite a bit differently.

Sales have been INSANE, too:

Apple announced it sold more than 13 million new iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus models, a new record, just three days after launch. iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus will be available in more than 40 additional countries beginning October 9 including Italy, Mexico, Russia, Spain and Taiwan. The new iPhones will be available in over 130 countries by the end of the year.

This is a HUGE figure and, importantly, it is quite a bit more than Apple shifted last year which, again, is pretty significant for a release many consider to be minor or incremental. China helped in a big way this year, having access to the new iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus at the same time as other markets around the world. Apple confirmed 13 million sales during the first few weeks but that figure is expected to grow rapidly in the coming weeks and months.

“Sales for iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus have been phenomenal, blowing past any previous first weekend sales results in Apple’s history,” said Tim Cook, Apple’s CEO. “Customers’ feedback is incredible and they are loving 3D Touch and Live Photos, and we can’t wait to bring iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus to customers in even more countries on October 9.”

But those iPhone 6s sales could pale in comparison to the next iPhone 7. So without further ado, let's gaze into our crystal ball to see what each phone will be like, starting with the specs:

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7:
Major Specs
Current iPhone 6s
Display: 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch 3D Touch, max res of 1920x1080
Design: It looks exactly the same as the iPhone 6 (rounded corners, aluminum body)
Storage: 16, 64, and 128GB
CPU and RAM: A9 processor, 2GB RAM
Front Camera: 5MP
Rear Camera: 12MP, 4K video recording
Likely iPhone 7
Display: 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch 3D Touch, but likely with a QHD display of 2560 x 1440 resolution
Design: Completely new design. Thinner body and bezel.
Storage: 32, 64, and 128GB
CPU and RAM: A10 processor, 3GB RAM
Front Camera: 5MP with wide angle lens
Rear Camera: 12MP, 4K video recording, optical image stabilization.

The important thing to remember with iPhone upgrades is that the tock “S” cycle upgrade primarily see internal enhancements and the tick prime upgrades see body design changes. That’s why the iPhone 6s had more radical internal changes from the iPhone 6 than the iPhone 6s will to the iPhone 7. The iPhone 6s got the A9 processor and FINALLY 2GB of RAM. That means that the iPhone 7 will almost certainly have an A10 chipset and 3GB of RAM. Traditionally Apple has kept the amount of RAM the same for more than one year, but by the time the iPhone 7 ships in autumn 2016, most Android phones will have 4GB RAM minimum. Apple will need to keep up, if not match it.

As for storage options, with the iPhone 7 we finally expect Apple to drop the 16GB entry level option for a 32GB entry level model. Needless to say, dropping the 16GB storage model is long overdue. No one, NO ONE should buy a 16GB smartphone. You’ll fill it all up with large 12MP photos in the first month you own it.

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7: Design
The iPhone 6s looks exactly as the iPhone 6 does, just a bit thicker. But if that iPhone 6s design is looking a bit stale to you, then you are going to love the iPhone 7. It will feature a radically different design. What to expect? A thinner body is guaranteed. KGI Securities superstar analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, who has an excellent track record with predicting iPhone specs, says the iPhone 7 will be Apple’s thinnest yet–approaching the thinness of the iPod touch (which is really, really thin) Kuo expects the iPhone 7 to be between 6.0mm and 6.5mm thin (the iPod touch is 6.1mm thin).

Apple is now busy testing out designs and features for the iPhone 7; handsets are developed way in advance of release and this is why we get some many leaks. And according to information leaked on Weibo by a reliable tipster Apple is testing out five iPhone 7 prototypes. The news was picked up by G For Games, another reliable source, which reports that Apple is testing out a bunch of different features for next year’s iPhones.

Apple is currently experimenting with at least five different iPhone 7 models, each with its own unique hardware characteristics. By the sound of it Apple is trying to figure out which technologieswould go best in the upcoming model, all the while keeping an eye on the performance of its suppliers,” said the report. “Reportedly, some of the technologies that can be found in these prototypes include a USB Type-C connector compatible with headsets, wireless charging technology, multi-Force Touch, dual camera configurations, and fingerprint recognition technology embedded within the display.”

Apple is also said to be experimenting with AMOLED displays but this new display technology isn’t expected to appear inside commercial iPhones until at least 2018.

The USB Type-C rumour is very interesting, however, as it ties in nicely with yesterday’s report about Apple ditching 3.5mm jack support on the iPhone 7 in favour of something more proprietary. Is it possible Apple could switch out its lightening port connector for USB Type-C? Sure, it’s possible. But it just doesn’t seem very likely given the company’s track record. Still, there are PLENTY of benefits to using USB Type-C, so perhaps Apple is turning over a new leaf?

There’s also strong hints that Apple is working on doing away with the physical home button and embedding a virtual home button and Touch ID in the screen itself, but that might not come until the iPhone 8. Apple has filed patents for such a in-screen home button, but the company files patents for everything–99% of which never make it into a shipping product. Also, Digitimes is reporting that Apple has placed LCD display driver orders with touchscreen supplier Synaptics for its next iPhone. It would not need these LCD display drivers if its own work on integrated Touch ID and displays were moving along at pace.

One aspect of the new iPhone 7’s potential design could cause some users some issues, however, as multiple sources are now claiming Apple is looking to do away with traditional headphones, meaning no 3.5mm jack-support on the iPhone 7. It will be replaced by a lightning port, apparently, and this of course means you’ll have to buy and adaptor in order to make your old headphones work with the iPhone 7.
Why is Apple doing this? Apparently it is ALL about design. Apple wants to make the iPhone 7 1mm thinner than the iPhone 6s and in order to do this it needs to ditch the traditional 3.5mm jack port. Fortunately, Apple’s lightning connector is EXACTLY the right size and, fortunately again, Apple has no issues selling you a $15 convertor to access it.

Sounds crazy, right? But remember: Apple did exactly the same thing with CD drives and USB ports on its MacBooks, so, yeah… you’ve been WARNED.

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7:
Waterproofing
Earlier this autumn the internet freaked out when videos surfaced of the iPhone 6s surviving 30 minutes underwater . It turns out Apple secretly added new adhesive strips inside the iPhone 6s to block any moisture getting in. Now a
Chinese Mac blog is claiming that this was just a dry run (get the pun) for Apple, and that the iPhone 7 will officially be certified as waterproof.
In addition to waterproofing by using internal gaskets, another Chinese site is claiming Apple will ditch the aluminum casing of the iPhone 6s for an all new plastic material on the iPhone 7 to make sure the device is fully waterproof. We don’t see Apple’s iPhone 7 being a plastic phone, but only time will tell.

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7:
LTE chipset
Right now the iPhone 6s uses an LTE chipset from Qualcomm, but recent rumors point to Intel working on an iPhone-compatible LTE chipset for the iPhone 7 . If this is true users won’t likely notice much of a difference. Instead, Apple would use the Intel LTE chip so it can drive component costs down.

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7:
Display
The iPhone 6s gained the 3D Touch display that the Apple Watch has (there, it is called the Force Touch display)–of course the iPhone 7 will adopt this 3D Touch display as well. But we also expect the iPhone 7 to get a higher resolution display, specifically a QHD one with a resolution of 2560 x 1440, as many Android handsets have. By autumn of 2016 anything less that 2560x1440 will be the equivalent of what standard definition is today.
Apple could also make subtle upgrades to the 3D Touch display in the iPhone 7–for example, making it sensitive to more than two types of pressure inputs, but other than that we don’t expect the 3D Touch display to change much.
Also, it is unlikely that the iPhone 7 will adopt an AMOLED display, which is found in Samsung phones and the Apple Watch, according to Kuo. In a recent investors note he stated:

"Based on recent comments by Minebea, one of the main iPhone backlight unit suppliers, we believe AMOLED will not penetrate iPhone for the next three years. Moreover, Hon Hai is preparing to invest in Gen-6 LTPS TFT-LCD production lines in Zhengzhou, China for mass production in 2018, suggesting the iPhone line will likely stick with TFT-LCD technology in 2018 and thereafter. […]

Minebea, major BLU supplier of iPhone, stated to investors on November 5 that it does not foresee risk of TFT-LCD share loss to AMOLED in high-end smartphone market in next three years & guides growth in TFT-LCD going forward. As Apple and Samsung are the only two brands that currently offer premium smartphones, we think Minebea’s statements imply it does not expect iPhone to adopt AMOLED in the coming three years, given that Samsung’s models are already being equipped with it."

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7:
Camera
Internally the iPhone 6s gained a huge camera upgrade with its 12MP rear camera (up from the 8MP camera in the iPhone 6) and its 5MP front FaceTime camera (up for 1.8 MP in the iPhone 6). But going to the iPhone 7 we expect the camera upgrade to be less pronounced. Apple will probably keep to a 12MP rear camera but add optical image stabilization across the line (right now only the “Plus” models feature it). The iPhone 7 will also probably retain the same FaceTime camera.

The iPhone 6s also gained 4k video recording on the rear camera–something we don’t see changing or expanding on for the iPhone 7.
Apple is all about refinement with its imaging technology; it doesn’t bother with arbitrary specs-wars style updates to megapixels or things like laser-guided focus. Instead, it consistently updates the core components of what make a camera good at imaging -- optics, lens-technology and software.

The company some 800 people working on the future-generations of iPhone camera technology and, for one of the first times, Apple actually allowed Charlie Rose’s film grew inside its secretive R&D labs to see how the company goes about building its iPhone.

Other topics under discussion during the TV show were the iPhone, Apple’s aspirations inside the automotive industry and plenty of chatter about how the company and its teams of engineers and designers tackle new projects.

The iPhone’s camera features 200 separate individual components. Apple’s imaging design studio is so vast and complex that it can simulate almost every condition imaginable in order to test out the camera technology before it goes to production. Take the iPhone 6s Plus’ imaging prowess, for example. It is pretty much unparalleled in the mobile space at the moment, according to a raft of AV review and testing sites.

iPhone 6s vs Likely iPhone 7: A new 4-inch iPhone?

One final prediction according to Kou is that Apple will launch a new 4-inch iPhone alongside the iPhone 7 in 2016. Kou states:

"As there is still demand for a 4-inch iPhone, we believe Apple will upgrade this product line. Because the iPhone 5s is more popular than the iPhone 5c, we think Apple is likely to launch an upgraded iPhone 5s. We predict Apple will mass-produce this new 4-inch iPhone in 1H16 with metal casings. In order to make the current iOS 9 or next-generation iOS 10 run smoothly, Apple may adopt an A9 chip for this new phone."

Whether or not this new 4-inch iPhone is an updated iPhone 5 or a rebranded iPhone 7c – the iPhone 6s could see significant competition from iPhones on all sizes of the display spectrum.
iPhone 6s vs iPhone 7: 2016 Will Be A HUGE Year For Apple's iPhone

How do I change KitKat 4.4.4 to the latest Lollipop?

Android Lollipop has taken over from Android KitKat. But How do I change KitKat 4.4.4 to the latest Lollipop?

Ok, there are two ways in which you can update your device to Android 5 Lollipop from Android 4.4.4 Kitkat.

Option 1:

Go to settings > About > Software update > Uncheck "Update via WiFi only".

Continue with the download and install process.

This should start downloading the update files.

Option 2:

If the above procedure didn't work, try this.

1. Go to google, search for the OTA update (Over-the-air) file for your model, eg, <lollipop ota for X, x is your phone model>
You should be able to download the OTA files easily.

2. Install a custom recovery on your phone. (TWRP is recommended)
TeamWin - TWRP

3. Boot into recovery.

4. Clear cache/dalvik cache.

5. Install the .zip file from the recovery.

6. Reboot the phone, and it will be booted into Android Lollipop.

Road to Muktinath being blacktopped

The Muktinath Temple located in Mustang is one of the popular destinations among domestic and foreign tourists.

PARBAT :

The blacktopping of Kagbeni-Muktinath road section in Mustang, the district across the Himalaya, has begun.

The seven-kilometre road section linking Kagbeni to the historic place of Muktinath would be the first blacktopped road in the district.

The district-based Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Project is assisting to upgrade the route. The blacktopping is expected to complete by the mid of 2017, said District Technica

l Office’s Engineer Rabindra Tiwari.
The upgrading of the route is estimated to cost Rs 108 million.
Though the district has road sections stretching to 250 kilomtres, no section has been blacktopped so far.

Devotees coming to visit the famous Muktinath Temple here will be benefitted once the route is upgraded.

Summary of GRAND MOTHER : Ray Young Bear

Unit One : Love And Reminiscence

Grandmother – Ray Young Bear

The Heritage of Words

“ Grandmother” written by American- Indian poet Ray Young Bear is a recollection of poet ’s unfathomable love for his grandmother . The poet draws the picture of his grandmother – all loving, all inspiring - through the use of images .

As a grandson , the poet ’s heart is very close to his grandmother . This poem presents the poets deep sense of intimacy and closeness to his grandmother even after her death. He can not forget her . Her images come into his mind as fresh as before . He could recognize her by all senses except taste. If the poet would see her from a long distance, he could easily recognize her . Her warm and damp hands with the smell of roots on his head would make him guess that those were her caressing hands . Even the voice coming out of her tombstone would flow inside him like a light coming from a sleeping fire at night . Her words would inspire him and enlighten his spirit .

If the poet saw her from a long distance, he would tell that she was his grand mother . There are certain features to know , she would were a purple scarf and go market with plastic shopping bag . The “ Purple Scarf” and the “ Plastic Shopping Bag” represent our sense of sight . She would come home back working in the field . She would wash her hands. Her hands were wet and had the smell of roots . Due to the smell of roots he could recognize her without looking at her . She would work in the field so there was smell . This smell made him recognize her . “ Smelling of roots” represent sense of smelling. She would touch his head and would care it. He would know it was her hand. “ Touching his head ” represent sense of feeling . Some times he would imagine to have heard Noise from the tombstone voice coming form a rock attracts sense of hearing . The rock is metaphorically the tombstone of his grandmother from the very sound he would recognize her . Her words coming from the rock would inspire him like the light of some one stirring ashes from a sleeping fire at night . In this way the poet finds her grandmother all loving all inspiring .

Important Questions :

1. What are the four things that Ray Young Bear remembers about his grandmother ?

Ans . The things that Ray Young Bear remembers about his grandmother are her shape , her purple scarf, warm and damp hands and her inspiring voice.

2. What images do you find in this poem written by a member of the Sauk and Fox (Mesquaki ) Indian tribe of North America ? To what senses do these images appeal ?

Ans . The poet has used images to discover two intertwined themes – recollection of his grandmother at one level and search for identity at another level . The images like ‘purple scarf’, ‘ plastic shopping bag ’, ‘the light … at night ‘ appeal to our sense of sight. These images also have symbolic link to the Indian culture. ‘Plastic shopping bag ’ indicates the poverty of Indian tribe . ‘The light …. at night ’ associates that the spirituality of Indian culture guides him in the modern corrupt American society . The images like ‘smell of root ’ appeal to our sense of smell . It indicates the work ethic of Indian tribe and his grandmother . They are near to nature and are good farmers . ‘Warm and damp hands’ appeal to our sense of touch. It also shows how his grandmother and Indian tribes work in fields with pleasure and sense of duty. ‘ A voice’ and ‘her words ’ appeal to our sense of hearing . This indicates how the teachings and philosophy of Indian culture enlightens his spirits. Thus by the use of images , the poet has symbolically linked his grandmother to the lost culture of Indian tribe .

Question for Practice :

1 . What are the four things that Ray Young Bear remembers about his grandmother ?

2 . What is the main idea of the poem ?

3 . What impression of grandmother does the speaker give in the poem ‘Grandmother ’?

Summary of ABOUT LOVE : Anton Chekhov

Unit One : Love And Reminiscence

About Love – Anton Chekhov

The Heritage of Words

“ About Love “ presents three dimensional love stories . The first love is of Nikanor and Palegeya , second is of Alyohin and a Russian girl, and the third Alyohin and a married women Anna. The Love of Luganovich and Anna is one of the third parts . These three stories are the representatives of the three categories of love.

The first story is an example of violent love story. The main character - Nikanor - was drunkard, and interestingly religious minded . In due course of his stay in Alyolin ’s house, he fell in love with Palegeya . He instated that Palageya married him . Sometime he used to beat her in his intoxicated state to prevent herself from her husband. She used to hide under the bed of Alyohin. Second love- story is the materialistic love. The lady is concerned with the money only . Every time Alyohin held her in his arm, she used to ask for a months allowance. Third story , which is the main story, is the unexpressed love. It presents a sequence of events in the life of Alyohin and his attraction towards Anna .

According to the story , Alyohin was a student and his father was a farmer. Therefore, his father spent the amount needed for his study at university. Because of it, he was in debt . To pay debt Alyohin had no options but to return to his farm and labored hard . However , his desire to live civilized life continued and to fulfill it, he stayed up stairs , read a book , and drank liquor but it did not last long . One night a priest came and drank the whole of his liquor . From that day onwards he stared living downstairs and slept on the sledge (small hut ).

Before he was here , he was appointed as honorary judge in town . During his period, he came in contact with a Luganovich, who surprisingly invited Alyohin for dinner in his home . When they were having dinner , he got an opportunity to see Anna. From the very first sight, he started to like her . He found her beautiful , impressive and elegant . Hence, his first meeting with the lady reminded an unforgettable event . It was spring when he met her . In the summer, he was in his farm , but the memory of the lady remained . He desired very much to meet , but could not meet until autumn . In autumn , he went to the town where he met with Anna. She showed her worry about Alyohin and expressed wonder at his condition . After the show was over , he went to Anna house , talked with her husband, but returned back as usual without confessing his love for her .
After it he kept on going to her house in his every visit to his town . At Anna’ s house, he was welcomed cordially and regarded as noble fellow. When he met her , she played piano with him , talked for hours , but their mind remained unexpressed . The Luganoviches sometimes requested him not to hesitate in asking for any kind of help . He also did not hesitate in doing so . In return he brought gifts from the village .

Days passed in the same ways; neither had they expressed love. But he started appearing in the behavior of Anna. She behaved in mocking ( smiling ) way with Alyohin- at his fault she appreciated him. At last Anna had to go to another place for her mental treatment . When it was the time for Anna’s departure , Alyohin entered into the apartment of Anna . There their eyes met which resulted in kissing one another , and expressing their love. However , their reunion did not result into their marriage . Alyohin got down in the next station , and there after they did not meet .

This story has a frame. In the beginning the sky is grey and the trees are drenched . The environment is gloomy. In the end , when the Alyohin unloads his heart about love, the shining sun appears, after the rainfall . Alyohin tells this story in between this frame to his two guests: Burkin and Ivan.

Important Questions :

1. What kinds of love experiences are suggested by Alyohin in “ About Love ”?

Ans . In “ About Love ” , three kinds of love experiences are suggested by Alyohin. The first one is the love affair between Nikanor and Pelageya . Their love is sensual , often violent. Though there is no understanding between them , sexual passion binds them . Their love is not bound by marital relation . The second love affair is between Alyohin and a girl when he was studying in the university. Though Alyohin loved her , she thought love as a way to earn money . This love affair can be seen as the ugliest where sex is exchanged with money . The third love affair between Alyohin and Anna Alexeyevna can be termed as unexpressed love or spiritual love. Their heart meet , but being trapped by middle class morality, their love remains unexpressed . They sacrifice their love for more good. Alyohin sacrifices his love because he thinks that it would bring disaster in the life of her children , mother and husband. Similarly , Alexeyevna does not express her love thinking that she wasn’t young enough to live with him .

2. Sketch the Character of Alyohin .

Ans . Alyohin, a bachelor and a university graduate, lived in Sofinyo working labourously in his farm . He had to work in his farm to pay the debt that his father had spent on his education. He desired a civilized living of the upper class but could not afford it. In the past while he was a university student , he fell in love with a girl who only loved his money . Since he was elected honorary justice of the peace, he often visited town to take part in assizes and sessions. Once he was invited to the home of Luganovich to dine. There he met Anna Alexeyevna , aged 22 and married to Luganovich. They fell in love with each other but could not express their love. They chatted for hours , went to the theatre together but they parted coldly the next time. Later Anna suffered from nervous prostration and was sent to Crimea for treatment . During her departure , Alyohin had courage to confess his love and kissed her , but had to part with her forever .
Alyohin’s vision of love is shaped by his own love affair . He thinks that when people are in love, they ask whether it is honorable or dishonorable , sensible or stupid , and what their love will lead to . For him, this reasoning is the source of dissatisfaction and irritation . He thinks that love is a great mystery. When one is in love, one should start love from higher , without reasoning whether their love is sin or virtue , or whether it brings happiness or unhappiness . According to him to what extent personal happiness counts in love is uncertain, it differs from person to person.
Alyohin is like a squirrel in a cage. He is trapped by reason, middle class morality and poverty . He is a man - of- thought. He fears to express his love to Anna because he is too much thoughtful about society’ s moral standards. He sacrifices his love thinking that his marriage to Anna Alexeyevna would ruin the lives of her , her children , her mother and her husband. He fears that he could not make her happy in his country house.

3. Sketch the Character of Anna Alexeyevna.

Ans . Anna Alexeyevna is the main female character in the story “ About Love ” . She is a beautiful and charming young lady aged twenty -two . She is married to Luganovich, assistant president of the circuit court and aged over forty . Her marriage to an old man can be seen as the cause of her suffering . Her sexual urge cannot be fulfilled by the man double her age . So, she tries to get emotional fulfillment from Alyohin which later turns into love. She is also trapped in reason. She does not confess her love to Alyohin though she deeply loves him because she fears society’ s moral standards. She also thought that she was not young and energetic enough for him to begin a new married life . Later she becomes the victim of nervous prostration because of psychological depression and nervousness .

Question for Practice :

1 . Why did Alyohin and Anna Alexeyevna conceal their love to each other ?

2 . Explain , “ Love is different in each situation” .

3 . Explain , “ Love isn’ t confined by marital relationship ” .

Summary of THE LAMENTATION OF THE OLD PENSIONER : W.B. Yeats

UNIT ONE : LOVE AND REMINISCENCE

THE LAMENTATION OF THE OLD PENSIONER

ENGLISH | THE HERITAGE OF WORDS

W.B. Yeast

W.B Yeats in his poem The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner recollects his young and energetic youth and laments at his neglected state in his old age.
Understanding a long journey of life through ups and downs the poet feels tired, upset and heading a neglected life in his old age. The poet in his old age now is companion less and protecting himself from the rain taking shelter under a broken tree.

But in his young and colorful days in the past. The poet used to be surrounded by his friends discussing love and politics in such raining days. He was actively involved in politics and the political situation was calm and quiet during his time. He recollects the peaceful political situation of his time and contracts the present violent political situation where people are collecting weapons and making conspiracy to over through the government to get power however, the poet is different about present political situation who is mentally thinking about cruel time that has transfigured him from young to old depriving him from enjoying his colorful life.

The poet in his old age now feels neglected and lonely and struggles with difficulties of life alone. However, the memory of his glorious past days when he used to be the point of attention and attraction to everybody is still very fresh in his mind. Although, he is physically weak, old and disfigured now, his memory is still interact which time is not being able to remove from his mind. The poet considers that the time is responsible for his present neglected condition. Therefore, the poet expresses his anger with the time by splitting into its face for changing him from young to old.

Summary of TWO LONG TERM PROBLEMS : TOO MANY PEOPLE, TOO FEW TREES : Moti Nissani

UNIT TWO : ECOLOGY AND CHANGE

TWO LONG TERM PROBLEMS : TOO

MANY PEOPLE, TOO FEW TREES

Moti Nissani

In the brief essay, Two Long Term Problems: Too Many People, Too Few Trees, Moti Nissani discusses two inter related problems they are, overpopulation and deforestation. With their impact showing several consequences of the twin problems, the writer makes us aware about our duties to solve them and to save the bio-sphere for our future generation.
Scientist from all over the world express their serious concern (worry) about present state of bio-sphere as human activities caused very serious damage on environment and on critical resources. With the introduction of modern medical facilities, nutrition and sanitation, the world’s population started growing more than 80 million per year. In Nepal only, in less than 50 years the population increases at the rate of 2.5% per year from 9 million to 25 million. If this alarming growth continuous unchecked, the population of Nepal will be 46 million by 2026 A.D. which would be very difficult for Nepal to accommodate.

In order to feed more people, more forest, lands are destroyed in a very large scale.
As a result, soil erosion, desertification, flood, landslide, tropical diseases, siltation of rivers and dams and mass migration are increasing. High growth of population has already polluted our food, air, water, rivers, soil, drains and farms. The chances of cancers and emphysema (lungs disease) and asthma are far higher now and we are suffering from pre-mature hearing loss. Lead and dioxide are causing serious effect on children’s intelligence and health. The world has already faced frightening problems such as desertification, acid rain, loss of wild species of plants and animals, ozone layer depletion and green house effect because of human caused pollution.

However the situation could be improved by controlling population and pollution, many factors such as modernization, effective family planning measures equal economic, educational and legal opportunities to woman will help to control the rapid population growth. In order to set this world for our future generation, we must save forest by reducing population pressure on it through effective family planning measures and educating people. We may also save the forest by making effective and strict laws with a provision to impose high tax on wood product and provision of incentive for pressuring forest. There should be a provision in the law to punish severely for destroying forest. Massive reforestation, another effective step will benefit the world in conserving biodiversity, pristine wildness and to minimize desertification, flood and weather extremes. By controlling population and saving forest, we may solve this planet for our future generation utilizing our knowledge to convert our wisdom, courage and passion into practice to turn this world into a heaven.